Enhanced relaxor behavior and high energy storage efficiency in niobium substituted (Ba_0.85Ca_0.15)(Zr_0.1Ti_0.9)O₃ ceramics

Abstract The microstructure, dielectric properties, relaxor behavior, and energy storage efficiency of un-substituted niobium (Nb) substituted (Ba 0.85 Ca 0.15 )(Zr 0.1 Ti 0.9 ) 1-x Nb x O 3 (for = 0, 0.02 0.05) samples prepared by the solid-state reaction method has been studied in detail. All exhibited perovskite structure with no trace impurity. Composition-dependent phase transition was also observed on addition Niobium. At room temperature, co-existence rhombohedral tetragonal phases is unsubstituted samples. As composition changes from to 0.05, a structural change cubic observed. A remarkable reduction grain size, 90 μ m 0) 1.21 for (x 0.05), This result suggests that Niobium acts as growth inhibiter barium calcium zirconium titanate (BCZT) ceramics. effect temperature temperature-dependent permittivity graph. It clear shifted lower region, at very low (−23 °C/250 K) showed broadened curve, indicating diffuse transition. explained Uchino Nomura modified Curie Weiss law. Moreover, observations measurements various frequencies suggest substitution 5+ induces behavior. calculated polarization versus electric field high 84% obtained sample 12 kV cm −1 . Enhanced behavior increased were 0.05. Thus we these are promising materials applications.